Tonga volcanic eruption reshaped Pacific seafloor:
Prodigious volumes of rocky debris blanketed the ocean bottom in January's cataclysmic blast.
bbc.com/news/science-environment-63678177
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natural phenomenon where lava, hot gases or other substances are emitted suddenly from a geological feature
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How ‘seafloor detectives’ uncovered the secrets of the world’s biggest underwater volcano
cnn.com/2022/11/21/world/underwater-volcano-hunters-hunga-tonga-hunga-haapai-scn-hnk-spc-intl/
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Key FactsTonga volcano altered atmosphere; weather effects remain uncertain
Jul 27, 2024 · Reading time: ~45 sec.
Summary created with AI assistance · Source: spektrum.de
Summary created with AI assistance · Source: spektrum.de
- The January 2022 eruption was the strongest explosion ever recorded by modern instruments and propelled seawater to altitudes of up to 58 kilometers.
- A study published in May 2024 used 29 climate models and found little change in global mean temperatures, but modeled North American warming of more than 1.5 degrees Celsius and Scandinavian cooling of about one degree for several years.
- The WACCM4 model predicted a temporary enlargement of the ozone hole by two million square kilometers in the second spring and summer after the eruption, which experts actually measured in late spring 2023.
- Because the study did not include the ocean’s dynamic development, experts consider its regional temperature and precipitation findings tentative and expect further evidence from observations.
The signal could have been expected even without computer calculations, but the models have confirmed the effect once again and, above all, quantified it.— Thomas Birner, Professor of Theoretical Meteorology at LMU Munich, said that the signal could have been expected without computer calculations, and that the models confirmed and quantified the effect.
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